Means for determining the shooting elements of moving targets



' l. JUHAsZ May 28, 1940.

MEANS FOR DETERMINING THE SHOOT-ING ELEMENTS 0F MOVING TARGETS Filed Dec. l5, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 s 11a-12 34e .ze 24 22 3s May 28, 1940. L JUHASZ l 2,202,453 X MEANS FOR DETERMINING THE SHOOTING ELEMENTS 0F MOVING TARGETSy Filed Dec. 13, 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 laqg l Patented May 28, 1940 MEANS Fon DETERMINING THE SHOOTING ELEMENTS oF MovING-TARGETS lstvan Juhsz, Budapest, Hungary Application December 13, 1937, serial No. V179,623 In Hungary December-30, 1936 3 Claims.

This invention relates to means for ascertaining the shooting elements of moving targets, more particularly of flying targets, by which the shooting elements, which are continually chang- 5 ingjowing to the movement of the target, are indicated at short intervals, for instance six times c.

appliance is the so-called distance carriage, which moves relatively to a fixed point in the appliance in such a way that its distance from the xed point isfat alltimes proportional to the distance A2() of the target.l This distance carriage carries those devices which determine the ldirection of lflight of the target and the geometrical positionof Ithe point of aiming. Other instruments in the appliance ascertain the lateral deviation and the v angle of lead. Others again determine the magnitude of the effects of the day, such as the at the moment of explosion of the shot by multiplying the speed of the target by the time of flight of the shot. A` separate group of instruments ascertains the ballistic values7 and another group 'of instruments ascertains the height of` the target and the distance of the target, andv 'in addition there are instruments which convert 40 the shooting elements to allow for the location of the battery, when the appliance for ascertaining the vshooting elements and the battery are not; at the same place, but at different places,

and'therefore allowance has to be made for parallax. Finally a separate group comprises those instruments which reproduce at the battery the valu-es determined by the appliance.

' AThe above'enumeration is not exhaustive, 'for kthe number of individual instruments or groups of instruments in various systems of measuring appliances is different, but this circumstance is 'immaterial to thesubject of the present inven- In these appliances the various instruments, q 'orat least a large proportion'of them, are very of the target. Another instrument tted into theclosely associated with one another,since the shooting elements to be ascertainedrepresent individually the function of a plurality'` of variables. The individualinstruments, of the appliance must therefore be positively connected with 5 one another, each according to the values to be ascertained thereby, or according to the'influence thereof upon the nal values. These connections are as a rule mechanical or electrical. On the other hand the individual instruments, 1l) in order to facilitate manipulation, and inorder that they maytake upas little room as possible, must be arranged partly side by side and partly one above another. Now the `disadvantage of these appliances consists in the fact that the inl5 dividual instruments are quite inaccessible or only accessible with great dihiculty Without taking the entire appliance to pieces, if one or other v,of the instruments is in needof repair. In such` a case, therefore, it ybecomes necessaryto disr'nount quite a number of satisfactorily working instruments in order to reach the instrument that is in need of repair; in fact in manyy cases the entire apparatus has to be taken to pieces for this purpose. Such exceedingly tedious work Vis 25 however in the'highest degree undesirable vhavinggregard to theV purpose for which 4the apparatus is intended. v 1

The present -invention relates toan arrangement of the apparatus which renders it possible incase of need to make any instrument readily accessible, and to reduce the Work of dismounting to a minimum. For this purpose, according .tothe invention, .the instrumentsthat ascertain the' individual values are lodged individuallyv or in groupsin, superposed casings or casing sections that are 4readily separablefrom `one another, and the instruments or groups of rinstruments lodged in two different casings but cooperating with one another are ,Connected with one another by readily releasable electrical or 40 kmechanical couplings. c These electrical ornmecrhanical couplings betweeneach two casings are so arranged that they become released upon separation of the two casings and become re-connectedby re-assemloling the casings. One embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention is illustrated by way of example in the raccompanying drawings, in which f VFigure 1 Vshows the appliance in side elevation; `Figures 2 and 3 each show one casing in plan; Figure 4 shows four superposed casing in side elevation, and

Figure 5 shows Athe apparatus illustrated in w Figure 1 in sectional elevation on a larger scale, with the couplings between the instruments of two adjacent frames.

The apparatus assumed by way of example for ascertaining the shooting elements is divided according to the invention into five parts along horizontal planes at I, 2, 3 and 4. The lowest part 5 is a base plate, and the parts 6, 'l and 8 are casings or casing sections for the accommodation oi the various instruments or instrument units, these casing consisting individually of side walls 35, as shown in Figure 5. The casings 6, l, and 8 thus form a frame, into which the instruments or groups of instruments are tted by the aid of brackets 3E. The uppermost casing 9 at the same time forms the cover.

Figure 2 shows the frame 'I in plan, and Figure 3 shows the frame 3 in plan. In the frame 'i are mounted various instruments I I, I2, I3 and I4, of which the instrument I I is connected by a coupling I5 with the instrument I2, and the instrument I2 is lconnected by a coupling I6 with the instrument i4. In the frame 8 are likewise arranged four instruments I1, I8, I9 and 20. Of these the instrument I'I must co-operate with the instrument I2 in the frame l, the instrument I8 must co-operate with the instrument I I in the frame 1, and the instrument I9 must co-operate with the instrument I4 in the frame in such a way that the instruments col-operating with one another are coupled to one another in pairs. For the coupling thereof, mechanical couplings known in themselves are employed, or electrical switches if the associated instruments are electrically operated. According to the invention couplings or switches are provided which close automatically when two frame-like casings are mounted one upon the other, and open automatically when the casings are separated from one another. As will be seen from Figure 4, the positive connection of the instrument II with the instrument I8 is established, when the casing 8 is mounted upon the casing 1, by a clutch member 2! coming into engagement with a clutch member 22. The instruments I2 and I'I are connected with one another by clutch members Q3 and 24, and the instruments I4 and I9 by clutch members 25 and 26. It is not necessary that all the couplings between each two casings should be located in the same plane. As will be gathered from Figure 4, in which the instruments are shown in broken lines and the couplings in full lines, the couplings V2| /22, 23/24 and 25/'2b` are located in different planes. The instrument I8 .and the instrument I9 are coupled to the instruments 2 and 28 respectively, which are arranged in the uppermost casing 9, while the instrument I3 and the instrument I4 are coupled to instruments in the casing 6.

Figure 5 shows a partial section through the appliance on a larger scale, in which, however, the individual casings have been moved asunder for the sake of greater clearness. The instrument I8 in the casing 8 is connected with the inthe open position shown, against a stop or abutment 48 on the sleeve 45. The bottom 44 of the instrument I1 is made of insulating material. In the cover 49 of the instrument I2, likewise of insulating material, there is a co-acting contact i member, which forms the bottom of a bore 5I in the cover 49. When the casings I and 8 are assembled, the Contact 46 slides into the bore 5I and bears against the contact 50.

In the example assu-ined, the casings are connected with one another by means of screws 3|, 32, 33 and 34 passing through them. After these screws are released the individual casings can be separated from one another, after which each individual instrument is quite readily accessible. These screws pass through alined apertures in all the sections, with no more clearance than is necessary in order to enable them to be readily withdrawn and replaced, thus precluding the possibility of erroneous lateral positioning of the sections in assembling.

Instead of the mechanical couplings and switches described .between the individual instruments, any other convenient couplings and switches may be employed.

In the embodiment described and illustrated the individual casings are superposed in such a way that the planes of division are horizontal. The invention may however be embodied 1n a form in which the appliance is taken to pieces by dividing the casing in Vertical planes, which are arranged side by side. Finally the dividing surfaces need not be planes, but may even be stepped surfaces.

What I claim is:

l. Apparatus for determining the shooting data of moving targets, more particularly of flying targets, comprising a casing formed of a plurality of readily separable sections, a plurality of instrument units for determining the individual values of the various quantities upon which the shooting data depend, the instrument units being lodged in the casing upon the various sections thereof, and couplings carried by certain instrument units in different sections adapted to separate and unite automatically when the sections are separated and assembled, whereby Values ascertained `by instrument units lodged in diiierent sections can be transmitted to instrument units lodged in other sections to formulate the data on the basis of which these other instrument units determine other values.

2. Apparatus for determining the shooting data of moving targets, more particularly of iiying targets, comprising a casing formed of a plurality of readily separable sections, a plurality of instrument units for determining the individual values of the various quantities upon which the shooting data depend, the instrument units being lodged individually and in groups in the casing upon the various sections thereof, and electrical and mechanical couplings carried by certain instrument units in different sections adapted to separate and unite automatically when the sections are separated and assembled, f

CTl

, whereby Values ascertained. by instrument units lodged in diierent sections can be transmitted to instrument units lodged in other sections to formulate the data on the basis of which these other instrument units determine other values.

3. Apparatus for determining. the shooting data of moving targets, more particularly of flying targets, comprising a casing formed of a plurality of readily separable sections, mechanical means for ensuring the correct relative positions of the casing sections when assenfnbled,` a plurality of instrument units for determining. the individual values of the Various quantities upon which 1 the shooting data depend, the instrument units being lodged in thecasing upon the various sections thereof, and couplings carried by certain instrument unitsy in different sections adapted to separate and unite automatically when the sections are separated and assembled, whereby values ascertained by instrument unitslodged in different vsections can"y be transmitted-to instrument units lodged in other sections to rformulate the data on the'basis of which these'k other 1.0

instrument units determine other values.

IsTVN JUHsz. 

